Izinto ezingezona zensimbi ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zifaka amapulasithi, irabha, ama-sealants anamathela, izindwangu, izindwangu, ingilazi, nezinye izinto. Lezi zinto zihilela imikhakha ehlukahlukene yezimboni efana nama-petrochemicals, imboni ekhanyayo, izindwangu kanye nezinto zokwakha. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezona zensimbi ezimotweni kuyinkomba ye-COAmandla wezomnotho nakwezobuchwepheshe, futhi futhi kuhlanganisa nobubanzi bokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye namakhono wohlelo lokusebenza ezimbonini ezihlobene.
Njengamanje, i-fiber fiber reintIzinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe ezisetshenziswayo ezimotweni zifaka ama-thermoplastics we-fiber aqinisiwe (Qfrep), ama-glass fiber mat aqiniswe ama-thermoplastics (i-SMC), ama-resin wokubumba izinto zokwakha (i-RTM), nemikhiqizo ebekwe ngesandla.
I-fiber enkulu ye-fiber fiberI-CED Plastics esetshenziswe ezimotweni njengamanje iyi-polypropylene eqinisiwe ye-Glass Fiberpropenene (PP), i-fiber fiber ukuqiniswa okuqinisiwe kwe-polyamide 66 (PA66) noma i-PPOIL, futhi ngezinga elincane, futhi ngezinga elincane, futhi ngezinga elincane, futhi ngezinga elincane.
Imikhiqizo eqinisiwe ye-PP (PolyPropylene) inobunzima obukhulu nokuqina, futhi izakhiwo zabo zemishini zingathuthukiswa kaningi, ngisho nezikhathi eziningi. I-PP eqinisiwe isetshenziswa ezindaweniUCh njengefenisha yasehhovisi, ngokwesibonelo ezihlalweni eziphezulu zezingane kanye nezihlalo zehhovisi; Iphinde isetshenziswe kubalandeli be-axial ne-centrifugal ngaphakathi kwemishini eqandisi njengeziqandisini kanye nezindawo zomoya.
Izinto eziqinisiwe ze-PA (polyamide) sezisetshenzisiwe kuzo zombili izimoto zabagibeli nezimoto, ngokuvamile zokukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane ezisebenzayo. Izibonelo zifaka izembozo zokuvikela zemizimba yokukhiya, ama-wedges omshuwalense, amantongomane ashumekiwe, izisekelo ze-throttle, onogada bezinto ezivulayo. Uma izinto ezikhethiwe ngumkhiqizi wengxenye azizinzileIkhwalithi, inqubo yokukhiqiza ayilungile, noma okuqukethwe akuwokwena kahle, kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ezibuthakathaka kumkhiqizo.
Nge-actatsIsidingo esandayo somkhakha we-Otive for ezingasindi nemvelo izinto ezinobungane, izimboni zezimoto zakwamanye amazwe zincike kakhulu ekusebenziseni izinto ze-GMT (ingilazi ye-Thermoplastics) yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezakhi zezakhiwo. Lokhu kungenxa yobunzima obuhle kakhulu be-GMT, umjikelezo omubi wokubumba, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, kanye nemvelo engangcolisi, okwenza kube ngomunye wemikhiqizo yekhulu lama-21. I-GMT isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekukhiqizweni kwamabakaki e-multifunctional, amabakaki e-dashboard, ozimele bezihlalo, onogada bezinjini, kanye namabakaki ebhethri ezimotweni zabagibeli. Isibonelo, i-Audi A6 ne-A4 ekhiqizwa njengamanje yi-Faw-Volkswagen Sebenzisa izinto ze-GMT, kepha azitholanga ukukhiqizwa kwasendaweni.
Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi ephelele yezimoto ukuze uthole amazinga athuthukile aphesheya, futhi uzuzeE Ukwehliswa kwesisindo, ukuncishiswa kwe-vibration, kanye nokuncishiswa komsindo, amayunithi asekhaya aqhube ucwaningo ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezinqubo zokubumba umkhiqizo wezinto zokwakha ze-GMT. Banomthamo wokukhiqizwa kwesisindo kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-GMT, kanye nomugqa wokukhiqiza ngokuphuma konyaka kwamathani angama-3000 amathani e-GMT impahla eyakhiwe eJianGinin, Jiangsu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto ezifuywayo basebenzisa nezinto zokwakha ze-GMT ekwakhiweni kwamanye amamodeli futhi baqale ukukhiqizwa kwecala le-batch.
Ishidi Lokubumba Lokubumba (i-SMC) liyinto ebalulekile yeglass fiber eqinisiwe eqiniswa ipulasitiki. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle, amandla amakhulu okukhiqiza, kanye nekhono lokuthola indawo yebanga, kusetshenziswe kakhulu ezimotweni. Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa kweIzinto ze-SMC zakwamanye amazwe embonini yezimoto zenze inqubekela phambili entsha. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-SMC ezimotweni kunamaphaneli omzimba, afaka ama-70% wokusetshenziswa kwe-SMC. Ukukhula okusheshayo kusezakhiweni zesakhiwo nezingxenye zokuhambisa. Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-SMC ezimotweni kulindeleke ukuthi kwandiswe ngo-22% kuya ku-71%, kanti kwezinye izimboni kuzobe kungu-35% kuye ku-35%.
Isicelo se-statuIzitayela zentuthuko
I-1.High-Okuqukethwe Ingilazi Ukuqiniswa Kweshidi Lokubumba I-Compacting Compact (SMC) kuya ngokuya kusetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlelekile zezakhiwo. Kuboniswe okokuqala ezingxenyeni ezihlelekile kumamodeli amabili weFord (eI-Xplorer ne-Ranger) ngo-1995. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo, kubhekwa kabanzi ukuthi ube nezinzuzo zokwakheka okuhlelekile, okuholela kwisicelo sayo esigcwele amadeshi, izinhlelo zokuqondisa, izinhlelo ze-radioniator, nezinhlelo ze-radicor.
Amabakaki angaphezulu nangaphansi abunjwe yinkampani yaseMelika Inkampani esebenzisa impahla eyinhlanganisela equkethe i-40% fiber fiber nge-polyester engafakwanga. Lesi sakhiwo sangaphambili se-Front-Prent-End Front sihlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi, ngokuphela kwangaphambili kwekhabethe eliphansi elinweba phambili. I-Upper BRI-ACKET ilungisiwe kwi-canopy yangaphambili kanye nesakhiwo somzimba wangaphambili, ngenkathi kubakaki abangaphansi kusebenza ngokubambisana nohlelo lokupholisa. Lawa mabakaki amabili axhumekile futhi asebenzisana ne-canopy yemoto kanye nesakhiwo somzimba ukuze aqinise ukuphela kwangaphambili.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Low-density Sheety Sheet Compaction Compact Compact Compact (SMC): I-SMC ephansi ye-SMC ine-Gravit ethiley ka-1.3, kanye nezicelo ezisebenzayo futhi zibonise ukuthi kulula ama-30% alula kune-SMC ejwayelekile, enokudonsela phansi okuthile okungu-1.9. Usebenzisa leli-SMC eliphansi le-SMC linganciphisa isisindo sezingxenye cishe ngama-45% ngokuqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezifanayo ezenziwe ngensimbi. Wonke amaphaneli angaphakathi nezinto ezintsha zophahla zemodeli yeCorvette '99 ngama-motor general e-USA zenziwe nge-SMC ephansi. Ngokwengeziwe, i-SMC ephansi ye-Low-density nayo isetshenziswa eminyango yemoto, ama-hoods enjini, namabhodlela ezinkomba.
3. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-SMC ezimotweni, ngale kokusetshenziswa okusha okushiwo ngaphambili, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kweVariothina ezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iminyango ye-cab, ophahleni oluvuthayo, ama-skelete amathambo, iminyango yezimpahla, amaphaneli omzimba, amapayipi omzimba, amabhokisi amaloli, phakathi kokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamaphaneli omzimba angaphandle. Mayelana nesimo sohlelo lokusebenza lwasekhaya, ngokwesingeniswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimoto abagibeli eChina, i-SMC yaqala ukwamukelwa ezimotweni zabagibeli, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokubopha ezi-spare namathambo. Njengamanje, kufakwa futhi ezimotweni zezentengiso zezingxenye ezifana namapuleti embobo yegumbi le-strut, amathangi wokunwebeka, ukuhlukaniswa kwesivinini esikhulu, ukwahlukaniswa komoya okuncane kwemihlangano emikhulu, nokuningi.
Izinto ze-GfRP compositeIziphethu zeqabunga lezimoto
Indlela ye-Resin Transfer Mording (RTM) ifaka ukucindezela u-resin ku-mold evaliwe equkethe imicu yengilazi, elandelwa ukwelashwa ekushiseni kwegumbi noma ngokushisa. Qhathanisa neshidi le-moldiIndlela ye-NG Compound (SMC), i-RTM inikezela ngemishini yokukhiqiza elula, izindleko eziphansi zombumba, kanye nezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba zemikhiqizo, kepha ilungele ukukhiqizwa okuphakathi nendawo okuncane. Njengamanje, izingxenye zezimoto ezikhiqizwe zisebenzisa indlela ye-RTM phesheya ziye zanwetshwa embozweni umzimba ogcwele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, eChina eChina, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba izimoto bokukhiqiza busekuqophelweni nasekucwaningweni kwesigaba, ukulwela ukufinyelela amazinga okukhiqiza ngemikhiqizo evamile yakwamanye amazwe ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Izingxenye zezimoto zathuthukile futhi zicwaninge ngokwenza indawo esebenzisa indawo ye-RTM zifaka amashidi e-Windm, izinsimbi zangemuva, amaphahla, ophahleni, iminyango yokuphakamisa, kanye nokuphakamisa iminyango yezimoto zaseFukang.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo inqubo ye-RTM ezimotweni, i-RequiIzisetshenziswa zezinto zokwenziwa komkhiqizo, izinga lokusebenza okubonakalayo, izindinganiso zokuhlola, kanye nokufinyelelwa kwezindawo ezisezingeni eliphakeme yizinto ezithinta imboni yezimoto. Lezi futhi izimfuneko zokwamukelwa okusabalele kwe-RTM ekwenziweni kwezimoto ezihamba ngezimoto.
Kungani frp
Ngokombono wabakhiqizi bezimoto, ama-FRP (amapulasitiki aqinisiwe) aqhathaniswa ne-OthIzinto zokwenziwa, kuyinto embi kakhulu ehlukile. Ukuthatha i-SMC / BMC (ishidi lokubumba elihlanganisiwe / i-bulk yokubumba compound) njengezibonelo:
* Isisindo ukonga
* Ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye
* Design Ukuvumelana nezimo
* Ukutshala imali okuphansi kakhulu
* Isiza ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-antenna
* Ukuqina kobukhulu (i-coefficient ephansi yokunwebeka okushisayo okuqondile, okuqhathaniswa nensimbi)
* Igcina ukusebenza kwemishini ephezulu ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme zokushisa
Iyahambisana ne-e-coating (umdwebo we-elekthronikhi)
Abashayeli bamaloli bayazi kahle ukuthi ukumelana komoya, owaziwa nangokuthi adhadu, bekulokhu kubalulekile adversary ngamaloli. Indawo enkulu yamaloli, i-chassis ephezulu, kanye nama-trailer abunjiwe abenze bacashiswe ngokuqondile ekumelaneni komoya.
UkulwaUkumelana komoya, okuye kwandisa kahle umthwalo wenjini, ngokushesha ijubane, likhulisa kakhulu. Umthwalo okhuphukile ngenxa yokumelana nomoya kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamafutha aphezulu. Ukunciphisa ukumelana komoya okutholwe amaloli kanye nangaleso okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, onjiniyela baye babopha ubuchopho babo. Ngaphezu kokwamukela imiklamo ye-aerodynamic yekhabethe, kufakwe amadivaysi amaningi ukuze anciphise ukumelana komoya ohlakeni nangengxenye engemuva kwe-trailer. Ayini la madivaysi aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukumelana komoya kumaloli?
Ophahleni / deflectors eceleni
Uphahla kanye nophahla lwezihlangothi luklanyelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela umoya ekushayweni ngqo ebhokisini le-carpos, ukuqondisa umoya ngokuhamba ngezinyawo okuphezulu nangaphansi kwe-trailer, kunokuba kube nomthelela ngqo ngaphambili komkhondoEr, okubangela ukumelana okukhulu. Ama-deflectors ahlelwe kahle futhi alungiswa alungiswa anganciphisa kakhulu ukumelana okubangelwa yi-trailer.
Iziketi eziseceleni kwezimoto
Iziketi eziseceleni emotweni zisebenza ukushelela ezinhlangothini ze-chassis, zikuhlanganisa nomthungo nomzimba wemoto. Bamboza izinto ezinjengamathangi egesi ezifakwe eceleni kanye namathangi kaphethiloli, benciphisa indawo yabo yangaphambili evezwe umoya, ngaleyo ndlela bakha uhambo olubushelelezi ngaphandle kokudala isiyaluyalu.
I-bumpe ephansir
I-bumper eyenziwe phansi yehlayo inciphisa ukuhamba komoya ukungena ngaphansi kwemoto, esiza ekunciphiseni ukumelana okukhiqizwe ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-chassis kanye neumoya. Ngokwengeziwe, amanye ama-bumpers anezimbobo zomhlahlandlela awagcini nje ngokunciphisa ukumelana komoya kepha aqonde ngqo airflow ebheke emagqoke ama-brake noma ama-brake disc, asizile ekupholiseni uhlelo lwe-braking yemoto.
Imigwaqo yebhokisi lebhokisi le-Cargo
Ama-deflectors ezinhlangothini zebhokisi le-cargo emboza ingxenye yamasondo futhi anciphise ibanga phakathi kwegumbi lezimpahla nomhlabathi. Lo mklamo wehlisa i-airflow engena ezinhlangothini ngaphansi kwemoto. Ngoba bamboza ingxenye yamasondo, lokhu kuhlanekezelaAma-CTors abuye anciphise isiphithiphithi esibangelwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamathayi nomoya.
Umkhuba Wasemuva
Yakhelwe Ukuphazamisat Ama-vortices angemuva ngemuva, uqondisa i-airflow, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise i-aerodynamic hud.
Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto zokwakha ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza abadikibali futhi zimboze amaloli? Kulokho engikuqoqele, emakethe yokuncintisana kakhulu, i-fiberglass (eyaziwa nangokuthi ipulasitiki eqiniswe yingilazi noma i-grp) ithandeka ngokungasindi, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, no-rukwehluka phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo.
I-fiberglass iyinto ehlanganisiwe esebenzisa imicu yengilazi nemikhiqizo yazo (njengendwangu ye-fiber yengilazi, mat, intambo, njll.) Ngokuqiniswa kabusha, nge-resin yokwenziwa isebenza njenge-matrix esebenza.
I-fiberglass deflectors / izembozo
I-Europe yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass ezimotweni ekuqaleni kuka-1955, ngezilingo ezikwimodeli ye-STM-II. Ngo-1970, iJapan yasebenzisa i-fiberglass ukukhiqiza isembozo sokuhlobisa amasondo ezimoto, kwathi ngo-1971 uSuzuki wenza izembozo kanye nabathandi be-fiberglass. Ngawo-1950s, i-UK yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass, ifaka esikhundleni amakhabethe ahlanganisiwe okhuni, njengawoD S21 kanye nezimoto ezinamasondo amathathu, ezaletha isitayela esisha ngokuphelele nesincane kakhulu ezimotweni zaleyo nkathi.
Ekhaya eChina, abanye mAma-Anoludres awenzile umsebenzi obanzi ekuthuthukiseni imizimba yemoto ye-fiberglass. Isibonelo, i-faw ithuthukiswe ngempumelelo i-fiberglass injini isembozo kanye ne-flat-nosed, amakhabethe aphezulu aphezulu kusenesikhathi. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-fiberglass emalolini aphakathi nawasindayo eChina kuyasaba kakhulu, kufaka phakathi injini ende eveziweI-Covers, ama-bumpers, isembozo sangaphambili, isembozo sophahla sekhabethe, iziketi eziseceleni, kanye nama-deflectors. Umkhiqizi owaziwayo wasekhaya wabameleli, uDongguan Caiji fiberglass Co, Ltd., Isibonelo lokhu. Ngisho namanye amakhabethe amakhulu okulala amakhulu e-Admin-American-ekhaleni amaloli enziwe nge-fiberglass.
Engasindi, amandla aphezulu, ukugqwala-Ersistant, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni
Ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, umjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza, nokuguquguquka okuqinile kokuguquguquka, izinto zokwenziwa ze-fiberglass zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezicini eziningi zokukhiqiza amaloli. Isibonelo, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amaloli afuywayo anombala onobuqili futhi oqinile, ngesitayela esingaphandle sangaphandle siyinto engajwayelekile. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemigwaqo emikhulu yasekhaya, i-whicI-H ivuselelwa kakhulu ukuthutha okude, ubunzima bokuthola ukubonakala okwenziwe ngezifiso kusuka kwizindleko zensimbi yonke, izindleko eziphezulu zokuqamba, nezinkinga njengokugqwala kwezakhiwo ezinama-weldel eziningi kuholele abakhiqizi abaningi ukuthi bakhethe ama-fiberglass amakhabithi ophahleni ophahleni ophahleni.
Njengamanje, amaloli amaningi asebenzisa i-fiIzinto ze-Berglass zesembozo zangaphambili nama-bumpers.
I-fiberglass ibonakala ngokungasindi namandla aphezulu, ngokuqubuka kwabantu phakathi kuka-1.5 no-2.0. Lokhu kucishe kube yikota kuya kokwesihlanu kobuntu bensimbi yekhabhoni futhi kuphansi kunalokho kwe-aluminium. Ngokuqhathanisa ngensimbi engu-08F, i-2.5mm obukhulu fiberglass ine-aamandla alingana nensimbi eyi-1mm. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-fiberglass angaklanywa kalula ngokwezidingo, enikeza ubuqotho obungcono kakhulu kanye nokwenziwa okuhle kakhulu. Ivumela ukukhetha okuguqukayo kwezinqubo zokubumba ngokuya ngesimo, inhloso, kanye nobungako bomkhiqizo. Inqubo yokubumba ilula, imvamisa idinga isinyathelo esisodwa kuphela, futhi okuqukethwe kunokumelana kahle nokugqwala. Kungamelana nemibandela yezulu, amanzi, kanye nokugxila okuvamile kwama-acid, izisekelo, nosawoti. Ngakho-ke, amaloli amaningi asebenzisa izinto ze-fiberglass zamanje zama-bumpers angaphambili, isembozo sangaphambili, iziketi eziseceleni, kanye nabakhohlisi.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jan-02-2024
