Izinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zifaka phakathi ipulasitiki, irabha, izinto zokuvala ezinamathelayo, izinto zokungqubuzana, izindwangu, ingilazi, nezinye izinto. Lezi zinto zibandakanya imikhakha ehlukahlukene yezimboni njenge-petrochemicals, imboni elula, izindwangu, nezinto zokwakha. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezimotweni kubonakalisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-co.amandla ezomnotho kanye nobuchwepheshe ahlanganisiwe, futhi ihlanganisa nohlu olubanzi lwamakhono okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezihlobene.
Njengamanje, i-rein ye-glass fiberIzinto ezihlanganisiwe eziphoqelelwe ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zifaka phakathi i-glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics (QFRTP), i-glass fiber mat reinforced thermoplastics (GMT), ama-sheet molding compounds (SMC), i-resin transfer molding materials (RTM), kanye nemikhiqizo ye-FRP ebekwe ngesandla.
I-reinfor eyinhloko yefayibha yengilaziAmapulasitiki aqinile asetshenziswa ezimotweni njengamanje yi-polypropylene eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi (PP), i-polyamide eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi 66 (PA66) noma i-PA6, futhi ngezinga elincane, izinto ze-PBT kanye ne-PPO.
Imikhiqizo ye-PP eqinisiwe (i-polypropylene) inokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina, futhi izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingathuthukiswa izikhathi eziningana, ngisho nangezikhathi eziningi. I-PP eqinisiwe isetshenziswa ezindaweninjengefenisha yehhovisi, isibonelo ezihlalweni zezingane ezinezinqe ezinde kanye nasezihlalweni zehhovisi; isetshenziswa futhi kumafeni axial kanye nama-centrifugal ngaphakathi kwemishini yokuqandisa njengeziqandisi kanye nama-air conditioner.
Izinto ze-PA eziqinisiwe (polyamide) sezivele zisetshenziswa kokubili ezimotweni zabagibeli nezentengiselwano, ngokuvamile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezincane ezisebenzayo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izembozo zokuvikela zemizimba yokukhiya, ama-wedge omshwalense, amantongomane ahlanganisiwe, ama-throttle pedals, ama-gear shift guards, kanye nezibambo zokuvula. Uma izinto ezikhethwe umenzi wezingxenye zingazinzileikhwalithi, inqubo yokukhiqiza ayifanele, noma izinto ezisetshenzisiwe azomiswanga kahle, kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ezibuthakathaka kumkhiqizo.
Nge-automNgenxa yokwanda kwesidingo sezinto ezilula nezinobungani nemvelo embonini, izimboni zezimoto zakwamanye amazwe zithambekele kakhulu ekusebenziseni izinto ze-GMT (glass mat thermoplastics) ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zezingxenye zesakhiwo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwe-GMT, umjikelezo omfushane wokubumba, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, izindleko zokucubungula eziphansi, kanye nokungabi yingozi, okwenza kube ngenye yezinto zekhulu lama-21. I-GMT isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-bracket asebenzayo amaningi, ama-bracket edeshibhodi, ozimele bezihlalo, onogada benjini, kanye nama-bracket ebhethri ezimotweni zabagibeli. Isibonelo, i-Audi A6 kanye ne-A4 ezikhiqizwa yi-FAW-Volkswagen okwamanje zisebenzisa izinto ze-GMT, kodwa azikakwazi ukuthola umkhiqizo wendawo.
Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi iyonke yezimoto ukuze zihambisane namazinga athuthukile omhlaba wonke, futhi zifinyeleleNgenxa yokunciphisa isisindo, ukunciphisa ukudlidliza, kanye nokunciphisa umsindo, amayunithi asekhaya enze ucwaningo ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nokubumba umkhiqizo wezinto ze-GMT. Anamandla okukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezinto ze-GMT, futhi umugqa wokukhiqiza onomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamathani angu-3000 wezinto ze-GMT wakhiwe eJiangyin, eJiangsu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto zasekhaya nabo basebenzisa izinto ze-GMT ekwakhiweni kwamanye amamodeli futhi sebeqalile ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo seqembu.
I-sheet molding compound (SMC) iyipulasitiki ebalulekile ye-thermosetting eqiniswe ngefayibha yengilazi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu, ikhono lokukhiqiza elikhulu, kanye nekhono lokufeza izindawo ze-A-grade, isetshenziswe kakhulu ezimotweni. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kweIzinto ze-SMC zakwamanye amazwe embonini yezimoto zenze intuthuko entsha. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-SMC ezimotweni kusezinhlakeni zomzimba, okubalwa u-70% wokusetshenziswa kwe-SMC. Ukukhula okusheshayo kusezingxeni zesakhiwo kanye nezingxenye zokudlulisela. Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-SMC ezimotweni kulindeleke ukuthi kwande ngo-22% kuya ku-71%, kanti kwezinye izimboni, ukukhula kuzoba ngu-13% kuya ku-35%.
Isimo Sesicelokanye Nezindlela Zokuthuthukiswa
1. I-fiber eqinisiwe yengilazi equkethe i-fiber eqinisiwe (i-SMC) isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sezimoto. Yaqala ukuboniswa ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo kumamodeli amabili e-Ford (E)i-xplorer kanye ne-Ranger) ngo-1995. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuningi, kubhekwa kabanzi njengezinzuzo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kabanzi kumadeshibhodi ezimoto, izinhlelo zokuqondisa, izinhlelo ze-radiator, kanye nezinhlelo zamadivayisi kagesi.
Amabhuleki aphezulu nangaphansi abunjwe yinkampani yaseMelika iBudd asebenzisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe eziqukethe i-fiber yengilazi engu-40% ku-polyester engagcwele. Lesi sakhiwo sangaphambili esinezicucu ezimbili sihlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi, kanti ingxenye engaphambili yekhabhini engezansi iqhubekela phambili. I-br ephezuluI-acket inamathele kukhanophi engaphambili kanye nesakhiwo somzimba wangaphambili, kuyilapho i-bracket engezansi isebenza ngokubambisana nesistimu yokupholisa. Lawa ma-bracket amabili axhumene futhi asebenzisana nekhanophi yemoto kanye nesakhiwo somzimba ukuze kuqiniswe ingxenye engaphambili.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ze-SMC ezisezingeni eliphansi: I-SMC esezingeni eliphansi inomqhele othileU-y ka-1.3, futhi ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kanye nokuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi ilula ngo-30% kune-SMC ejwayelekile, enobukhulu obuthile obungu-1.9. Ukusebenzisa le SMC enobukhulu obuphansi kunganciphisa isisindo sezingxenye cishe ngo-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezifanayo ezenziwe ngensimbi. Wonke amaphaneli angaphakathi kanye nengaphakathi elisha lophahla lwemodeli yeCorvette '99 yiGeneral Motors e-USA zenziwe nge-SMC enobukhulu obuphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SMC enobukhulu obuphansi nayo isetshenziswa eminyango yezimoto, kuma-hood enjini, kanye nasezivalweni ze-trunk.
3. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-SMC ezimotweni, ngale kokusetshenziswa okusha okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili, zifaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukeneezinye izingxenye zase-US. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iminyango yekhebhini, ophahleni olufuthwayo, amathambo e-bumper, iminyango yemithwalo, ama-sun visor, amaphaneli omzimba, amapayipi okukhipha amanzi ophahleni, imichilo eseceleni yeshedi yemoto, namabhokisi eloli, okusetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwawo kusezipaneleni zomzimba zangaphandle. Ngokuphathelene nesimo sesicelo sasekhaya, ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimoto zabagibeli eShayina, i-SMC yaqala ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zabagibeli, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ezindaweni zamathayi ezisele kanye namathambo e-bumper. Njengamanje, isetshenziswa nasezimotweni zezentengiselwano ezingxenyeni ezifana namapuleti okumboza igumbi le-strut, amathangi okunweba, ama-clamp esivinini somugqa, izingxenye ezinkulu/ezincane, izinhlangano ze-air intake shroud, nokuningi.
Izinto Ezihlanganisiwe ze-GFRPIzimoto Eziphethuzayo Zamaqabunga
Indlela ye-Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) ihilela ukucindezela i-resin ibe yisikhunta esivaliwe esinemicu yengilazi, kulandelwe ukuphola ekushiseni kwegumbi noma ngokushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Sheet MoldiIndlela ye-ng Compound (SMC), i-RTM inikeza imishini yokukhiqiza elula, izindleko eziphansi zesikhunta, kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba ezinhle kakhulu zemikhiqizo, kodwa ifanelekela kuphela ukukhiqizwa okuphakathi nendawo nokuncane. Njengamanje, izingxenye zezimoto ezikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-RTM kwamanye amazwe zelulelwe ekumbozweni komzimba wonke. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngaphakathi eShayina, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba be-RTM bokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto busesesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa nokucwaninga, belwela ukufinyelela amazinga okukhiqiza imikhiqizo efanayo yakwamanye amazwe ngokwezakhiwo zomshini wezinto zokusetshenziswa, isikhathi sokulungisa, kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo oqediwe. Izingxenye zezimoto ezithuthukiswe futhi zacwaningwa ngaphakathi kusetshenziswa indlela ye-RTM zifaka phakathi amafasitela engaphambili, ama-tailgate angemuva, ama-diffuser, uphahla, ama-bumper, kanye neminyango yokuphakamisa yangemuva yezimoto ze-Fukang.
Kodwa-ke, indlela yokusebenzisa inqubo ye-RTM ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo ezimotweni, isidingoUkulungiswa kwezinto zokwakha umkhiqizo, izinga lokusebenza kwezinto, amazinga okuhlola, kanye nokufezwa kwezindawo ze-A-grade kuyizinkinga ezikhathazayo embonini yezimoto. Lezi futhi ziyizidingo zokwamukelwa kabanzi kwe-RTM ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye zezimoto.
Kungani i-FRP
Ngokombono wabakhiqizi bezimoto, i-FRP (i-Fiber Reinforced Plastics) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izimoto.Izinto zokwakha, ziyinto ehlukile ekhangayo kakhulu. Uma sithatha i-SMC/BMC (Sheet Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound) njengezibonelo:
* Ukonga isisindo
* Ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye
* Ukuguquguquka komklamo
* Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi kakhulu
* Kwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-antenna
* Ukuqina kobukhulu (i-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa okuqondile, okufana nensimbi)
* Igcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme
Iyahambisana ne-E-coating (ukupenda nge-elekthronikhi)
Abashayeli bamaloli bayazi kahle ukuthi ukumelana nomoya, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhudula, bekulokhu kuyisici esibalulekileindawo enkulu engaphambili yamaloli, i-chassis ephezulu, kanye nama-trailer anomumo oyisikwele kuwenza abe sengozini yokumelana nomoya.
Ukumelanaukumelana nomoya, okwandisa umthwalo wenjini ngokungenakugwenywa, isivinini sishesha, ukumelana kukhulu. Umthwalo owandisiwe ngenxa yokumelana nomoya uholela ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okuphezulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nomoya okubonwa amaloli ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, onjiniyela baye bazama kanzima. Ngaphezu kokwamukela imiklamo ye-aerodynamic yekhabhini, kufakwe amadivayisi amaningi ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nomoya ohlakeni kanye nengxenye engemuva ye-trailer. Yiziphi lezi zixhobo eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukumelana nomoya emalolini?
Iziphazamisi Zophahla/Eceleni
Iziphambano zophahla kanye neziphambano zenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungashayi ngqo ebhokisini lempahla eliyisikwele, ukuqondisa kabusha iningi lomoya ukuze ligeleze kahle phezu naseduze kwezingxenye ezingaphezulu neziseceleni ze-trailer, kunokuba lithinte ngqo ingaphambili lomzila.er, okubangela ukumelana okukhulu. Ama-deflector abekwe kahle futhi alungiswe ukuphakama anganciphisa kakhulu ukumelana okubangelwa yi-trailer.
Iziketi Eziseceleni Kwemoto
Iziketi eziseceleni emotweni zisebenza ukushelela izinhlangothi ze-chassis, ziyihlanganisa kahle nomzimba wemoto. Zimboza izinto ezifana namathangi kaphethiloli afakwe eceleni kanye namathangi kaphethiloli, zinciphisa indawo yawo yangaphambili evezwe emoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela zenze kube lula ukuhamba komoya okushelelayo ngaphandle kokudala ukuphazamiseka.
I-Bumpe ephansir
Ibhampa eliya phansi linciphisa ukuhamba komoya okungena ngaphansi kwemoto, okusiza ekunciphiseni ukumelana okubangelwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kweshasi kanye ne-umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amabhampa anezimbobo eziqondisayo awagcini nje ngokunciphisa ukumelana nomoya kodwa futhi aqondisa ukuhamba komoya kuma-drum amabhuleki noma kuma-brake disc, okusiza ekupholiseni uhlelo lokubhuleka lwemoto.
Ama-Deflectors Ehlangothini Lebhokisi Lemithwalo
Ama-deflector asezinhlangothini zebhokisi lezimpahla amboza ingxenye yamasondo futhi anciphise ibanga phakathi kwegumbi lezimpahla nomhlabathi. Lo mklamo unciphisa ukuhamba komoya okungena usuka ezinhlangothini ezingaphansi kwemoto. Ngenxa yokuthi amboza ingxenye yamasondo, lawa ma-deflector avikelaAma-ctor aphinde anciphise ukuxokozela okubangelwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamathayi nomoya.
I-Rear Deflector
Yakhelwe ukuphazamisaUma i-vortices yomoya ingemuva, yenza kube lula ukuhamba komoya, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukuhudula kwe-aerodynamic.
Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukwenza ama-deflector kanye nezimbozo emalorini? Kusukela kulokho engikuqoqile, emakethe encintisana kakhulu, i-fiberglass (eyaziwa nangokuthi ipulasitiki eqinisiwe ngengilazi noma i-GRP) iyathandwa ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo okulula, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye ne-rukufaneleka phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo.
I-Fiberglass iyinto ehlanganisiwe esebenzisa imicu yengilazi kanye nemikhiqizo yayo (njengendwangu yengilazi yefayibha, umata, uboya, njll.) njengokuqinisa, kanye ne-resin yokwenziwa esebenza njengezinto ze-matrix.
Izifinyezo/Izimbozo ze-Fiberglass
IYurophu yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass ezimotweni kusukela ngo-1955, ngokuhlolwa ezinhlotsheni zemodeli ze-STM-II. Ngo-1970, iJapane yasebenzisa i-fiberglass ukukhiqiza izembozo zokuhlobisa zamasondo ezimoto, kwathi ngo-1971 iSuzuki yenza izembozo zezinjini nama-fender nge-fiberglass. Ngawo-1950, i-UK yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass, yathatha indawo yamakhabhini enziwe ngokhuni lwensimbi angaphambilini, njengalawo ase-Ford S21 kanye nezimoto ezinamasondo amathathu, okwaletha isitayela esisha ngokuphelele futhi esingaqinile ezimotweni zangaleso sikhathi.
Ekhaya eShayina, abanye mAbakhiqizi benze umsebenzi omkhulu ekwakheni imizimba yezimoto ze-fiberglass. Isibonelo, i-FAW yathuthukisa ngempumelelo izembozo zezinjini ze-fiberglass kanye nama-cabin anekhala eliyisicaba, apheqekayo kudala kakhulu. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-fiberglass emalolini aphakathi namakhulu eShayina kusakazeke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi injini enekhala elide.izembozo, amabhampa, izembozo zangaphambili, izembozo zophahla lwekhabhini, iziketi eziseceleni, kanye neziphambukisi. Umkhiqizi odumile wasekhaya weziphambukisi, i-Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., uyisibonelo salokhu. Ngisho nezinye zezindlu ezinkulu zikanokusho zokulala emalolini aseMelika adumile anekhala elide zenziwe nge-fiberglass.
Ilula, inamandla aphezulu, ukugqwala-imelana nokushisa, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni
Ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza omfushane, kanye nokuguquguquka okunamandla komklamo, izinto ze-fiberglass zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezicini eziningi zokukhiqiza amaloli. Isibonelo, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amaloli asekhaya ayenomklamo oyisicefe futhi oqinile, kanti isitayela sangaphandle esenziwe ngokwezifiso sasingavamile. Njengoba intuthuko esheshayo yemigwaqo emikhulu yasekhaya, okuyintoh kwakhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthwa kokuhamba ibanga elide, ubunzima bokwenza ukubukeka kwekhabhini ngokwezifiso kusuka ensimbini ephelele, izindleko zokuklama isikhunta eziphakeme, kanye nezinkinga ezifana nokugqwala nokuvuza kwezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe ezinamaphaneli amaningi kwaholela abakhiqizi abaningi ukuba bakhethe i-fiberglass yezimbozo zophahla lwekhabhini.
Njengamanje, amaloli amaningi asebenzisa i-fiizinto ze-berglass zezimbozo zangaphambili nama-bumper.
I-Fiberglass ibonakala ngokukhanya kwayo okukhanyayo namandla aphezulu, ngobuningi obuphakathi kuka-1.5 no-2.0. Lokhu kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezine kuya kweyesihlanu kuphela yobukhulu bensimbi yekhabhoni futhi kuphansi ngisho nangokwe-aluminium. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engu-08F, i-fiberglass enobukhulu obungu-2.5mm ine-amandla alingana nensimbi engu-1mm ubukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fiberglass ingaklanywa ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngokwezidingo, inikeza ubuqotho obuphelele obungcono kanye nokukwazi ukukhiqiza okuhle kakhulu. Ivumela ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwezinqubo zokubumba ngokusekelwe esimweni, inhloso, kanye nobuningi bomkhiqizo. Inqubo yokubumba ilula, ngokuvamile idinga isinyathelo esisodwa kuphela, futhi izinto zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala. Ingamelana nezimo zomkhathi, amanzi, kanye nokugcwala okuvamile kwama-asidi, izisekelo, nosawoti. Ngakho-ke, amaloli amaningi okwamanje asebenzisa izinto ze-fiberglass kuma-bumper angaphambili, izembozo zangaphambili, iziketi eziseceleni, kanye nama-deflector.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-02-2024
