Izinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zifaka amapulasitiki, irabha, ama-adhesive sealants, izinto zokungqubuzana, izindwangu, ingilazi nezinye izinto. Lezi zinto zibandakanya imikhakha yezimboni ehlukahlukene njengamakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, imboni ekhanyayo, izindwangu, nezinto zokwakha. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezimotweni kuwukubonakaliswa kokubambisanaamandla ezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe ahlanganisiwe, futhi ihlanganisa nezinhlobonhlobo zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye namakhono okusebenzisa ezimbonini ezihlobene.
Njengamanje, i-fiber yengilazi inamandlaIzinto eziyinhlanganisela eziphoqelelwe ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zifaka i-glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics (QFRTP), i-glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastics (GMT), izinhlanganisela zokubumba amashidi (SMC), izinto zokubumba zokudlulisa inhlaka (RTM), kanye nemikhiqizo ye-FRP ebekwe ngesandla.
I-fibre yengilazi eyinhloko iqinisaamapulasitiki ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa ezimotweni njengamanje ayi-glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP), i-glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) noma i-PA6, futhi ngokwezinga elincane, izinto ze-PBT ne-PPO.
Imikhiqizo ye-PP (i-polypropylene) eqinisiwe inokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina, futhi izakhiwo zayo zomshini zingathuthukiswa izikhathi ezimbalwa, ngisho nezikhathi eziningi. I-PP eqinisiwe isetshenziswa ezindaweni snjengefenisha yasehhovisi, isibonelo ezihlalweni zezingane ezineqolo kanye nezihlalo zasehhovisi; iphinde isetshenziswe kubalandeli be-axial kanye ne-centrifugal ngaphakathi kwemishini yesiqandisi efana neziqandisi kanye nama-air conditioner.
Izinto ze-PA (i-polyamide) eziqinisiwe sezivele zisetshenziswa kuzo zombili izimoto zabagibeli nezentengiso, ngokuvamile ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane ezisebenzayo. Izibonelo zifaka amakhava okuvikela emizimba yokukhiya, amaweji omshwalense, amantongomane ashumekiwe, ama-throttle pedals, onogada begiya, nezibambo zokuvula. Uma impahla ekhethwe ngumkhiqizi wengxenye ingaqinileikhwalithi, inqubo yokukhiqiza ayifanelekile, noma izinto ezingasomisiwe kahle, zingaholela ekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ezibuthakathaka emkhiqizweni.
Nge-automisidingo esikhulayo sembonini yezinto ezingasindi nezivumelana nemvelo, izimboni zezimoto zakwamanye amazwe zincike kakhulu ekusebenziseni izinto ze-GMT (glass mat thermoplastics) ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezingxenye zesakhiwo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwe-GMT, umjikelezo omfushane wokubumba, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi zokucubungula, kanye nemvelo engangcolisi, okuyenza ibe enye yezinto zekhulu lama-21. I-GMT isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekukhiqizeni amabakaki asebenza ngezindlela eziningi, abakaki bedeshibhodi, amafreyimu ezihlalo, onogada bezinjini, nabakaki bebhethri ezimotweni zabagibeli. Isibonelo, i-Audi A6 ne-A4 okwamanje ezikhiqizwe yi-FAW-Volkswagen zisebenzisa izinto ze-GMT, kodwa azikafinyeleli ukukhiqizwa kwendawo.
Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi iyonke yezimoto ukuze ufinyelele amazinga athuthukile wamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokufezae ukunciphisa isisindo, ukunciphisa ukudlidliza, nokunciphisa umsindo, amayunithi asekhaya enze ucwaningo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kanye nezinqubo zokubumba umkhiqizo wezinto ze-GMT. Banamandla okukhiqiza ngobuningi bezinto ze-GMT, kanti ulayini wokukhiqiza ophuma minyaka yonke wamathani angu-3000 wezinto ze-GMT zakhiwe eJiangyin, eJiangsu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto basekhaya nabo basebenzisa izinto ze-GMT ekwakhiweni kwamanye amamodeli futhi sebeqalile ukukhiqiza isilingo seqoqo.
Ikhompiyutha yokubumba amashidi (i-SMC) iyifayibha yengilazi ebalulekile eqiniswe nge-thermosetting plastic. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu, amandla amakhulu okukhiqiza, kanye nekhono lokuthola indawo engaphezulu ye-A-grade, isetshenziswe kakhulu ezimotweni. Okwamanje, isicelo ofangaphandle SMC materials embonini yezimoto wenze intuthuko entsha. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-SMC ezimotweni kukumaphaneli omzimba, okubalelwa ku-70% wokusetshenziswa kwe-SMC. Ukukhula okushesha kakhulu kusezicini zesakhiwo kanye nezingxenye zokudlulisela. Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo ukusetshenziswa kwe-SMC ezimotweni kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngo-22% kuya ku-71%, kanti kwezinye izimboni ukukhula kuzoba ngo-13% kuya ku-35%.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenzas kanye namathrendi entuthuko
1.I-high-content glass fiber reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC) iya ngokuya isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sezimoto. Yaqala ukuboniswa ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo kumamodeli amabili akwaFord (Explorer and Ranger) ngo-1995. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuningi, ibhekwa kabanzi njengenezinzuzo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okusabalele kumadeshibhodi ezimoto, amasistimu okuqondisa, amasistimu erediyetha, nezinhlelo zedivayisi kagesi.
Abakaki abangaphezulu nabaphansi ababunjwe inkampani yaseMelika iBudd basebenzisa into eyinhlanganisela equkethe u-40% we-glass fiber ku-polyester engagcwalisiwe. Lesi sakhiwo esingaphambili esineziqephu ezimbili sihlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzisi, indawo engaphambili yekhabhini ephansi idlulela phambili. Upper bri-acket igxilwe ku-canopy yangaphambili kanye nesakhiwo somzimba wangaphambili, kuyilapho ubakaki ophansi usebenza ngokuhambisana nesistimu yokupholisa. Laba bakakaki ababili baxhumene futhi basebenzisana ne-canopy yemoto kanye nesakhiwo somzimba ukuze kusimame ingaphambili.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Low-density Sheet Molding Compound (SMC): I-Low-density SMC ine-gravit ethile.y ka-1.3, futhi ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kanye nokuhlola kubonise ukuthi ilula ngo-30% kune-SMC evamile, enobunzima obuthile obungu-1.9. Ukusebenzisa le SMC ene-low density kunganciphisa isisindo sezingxenye cishe ngo-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezifanayo ezenziwe ngensimbi. Wonke amaphaneli angaphakathi kanye nengaphakathi elisha lophahla lwemodeli ye-Corvette '99 kaGeneral Motors e-USA enziwe nge-low-density SMC. Ukwengeza, i-SMC ene-low density iphinde isetshenziswe ezicabheni zemoto, ama-hoods enjini, nezivalo ze-trunk.
3. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-SMC ezimotweni, ngale kokusetshenziswa okusha okukhulunywe ngakho ekuqaleni, kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-varionathi ezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izicabha zekhebhu, uphahla oluvuthezekayo, ama-bumper skeleton, iminyango yezimpahla, ama-visor elanga, amapaneli omzimba, amapayipi okukhipha amanzi ophahleni, imicu esemaceleni yeshedi yezimoto, namabhokisi wamaloli, phakathi kwawo asetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphaneli omzimba angaphandle. Mayelana nesimo sokufakwa kwesicelo sasekhaya, ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimoto zabagibeli e-China, i-SMC yaqale yamukelwa ezimotweni zabagibeli, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zamasondo ayisipele kanye nama-bumper skeleton. Njengamanje, isetshenziswa nasezimotweni zezentengiselwano ezingxenyeni ezinjengamapuleti ekhava yegumbi le-strut, amathangi okunweba, izinsimbi zejubane lolayini, ama-partitions amakhulu/amancane, imihlangano yezingubo zokungenisa umoya, nokunye.
I-GFRP Composite MaterialIzimoto Leaf Springs
Indlela ye-Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) ibandakanya ukucindezela inhlaka ibe isikhunta esivaliwe esiqukethe imicu yengilazi, okulandelwa ukuphulukiswa ekamelweni lokushisa noma ngokushisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa neshidi le-MoldiIndlela ye-ng Compound (SMC), i-RTM inikeza imishini yokukhiqiza elula, izindleko zesikhunta eziphansi, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo, kodwa ifaneleka kuphela ukukhiqizwa okuphakathi nendawo nokuncane. Njengamanje, izingxenye zezimoto ezikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-RTM phesheya zelulelwe ekumbozeni umzimba ogcwele. Ngokuphambene, ngaphakathi e-China, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba i-RTM bokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto busesesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa nokucwaninga, lulwela ukufinyelela emazingeni okukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efanayo yangaphandle mayelana nezakhiwo zemishini yempahla eluhlaza, isikhathi sokuphulukisa, kanye nokucaciswa komkhiqizo ophelile. Izingxenye zezimoto ezakhiwe futhi zacwaningwa ekhaya kusetshenziswa indlela ye-RTM zifaka ama-windshields, ama-tailgate angemuva, ama-diffuser, uphahla, obhampa, nezicabha zokuphakamisa ngemuva zezimoto zakwaFukang.
Nokho, indlela yokusebenzisa ngokushesha nangempumelelo inqubo ye-RTM ezimotweni, i-requiukulungiswa kwezinto zokwakha zokwakheka komkhiqizo, izinga lokusebenza kwempahla, amazinga okuhlaziya, kanye nokuzuzwa kwezindawo ze-A-grade yizindaba ezikhathazayo embonini yezimoto. Lezi futhi ziyizimfuneko zokwamukelwa kabanzi kwe-RTM ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zezimoto.
Kungani FRP
Ngokombono wabakhiqizi bezimoto, i-FRP (I-Fiber Reinforced Plastics) uma iqhathaniswa ne-oth.er materials, ingenye impahla ekhangayo kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-SMC/BMC (Inhlanganisela Yokubumba Ishidi/Inhlanganisela Yokubumba Ngobuningi) njengezibonelo:
* Ukonga isisindo
* Ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye
* Design Ukuvumelana nezimo
* Utshalomali oluphansi kakhulu
* Isiza ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-antenna
* Ukuzinza kwe-Dimensional (i-coefficient ephansi yomugqa wokunweba okushisayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi)
* Igcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu
Iyahambisana ne-E-coating (umdwebo we-electronic)
Abashayeli bamaloli bazi kahle ukuthi ukumelana komoya, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhudula, bekulokhu kuwuphawu olubalulekileisitha samaloli. Indawo enkulu engaphambili yamaloli, i-chassis ephezulu, nama-trailer anomumo oyisikwele kuwenza akwazi ukumelana nomoya.
Ukuphikisaukumelana komoya, okwandisa ngokungenakugwemeka umthwalo wenjini, lapho ijubane lishesha khona, kukhulu ukumelana. Umthwalo owandayo ngenxa yokumelana nomoya kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okuphezulu. Ukuze banciphise ukumelana komoya amaloli futhi ngaleyo ndlela behlise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, onjiniyela baye baphazamisa ubuchopho babo. Ngaphezu kokwamukela imiklamo ye-aerodynamic ye-cabin, amathuluzi amaningi angeziwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana komoya kuhlaka kanye nengxenye engemuva ye-trailer. Yiziphi lezi zixhobo eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukumelana komoya emalolini?
Uphahla/Iziphambukisi eziseceleni
Uphahla kanye nama-deflectors asemaceleni aklanyelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungashayi ngokuqondile ibhokisi lempahla elimise okwesikwele, uqondise kabusha umoya omningi ukuthi ugeleze kahle futhi uzungeze izingxenye ezingenhla neseceleni ze-trailer, kunokuba uthinteke ngqo ingaphambili le-trailer. umkhondoer, okubangela ukumelana okukhulu. Iziphambukisi ezine-engeli efanele nezilungiswe ngobude zinganciphisa kakhulu ukumelana okubangelwa yi-trailer.
Iziketi Zaseceleni Zemoto
Iziketi eziseceleni zemoto zisiza ukushelela izinhlangothi ze-chassis, ziyihlanganise ngaphandle komthungo nomzimba wemoto. Zimboza izinto ezifana namathangi egesi abekwe eceleni kanye namathangi kaphethiloli, zinciphisa indawo yazo engaphambili ibe sobala emoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela yenze kube lula ukugeleza komoya ngaphandle kokudala isiyaluyalu.
I-Bumpe enesikhundla esiphansir
Ubhampa owelula obheke phansi wehlisa ukugeleza komoya ongena ngaphansi kwemoto, okusiza ekwehliseni ukumelana okukhiqizwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-chassis ne-chassis.umoya. Ukwengeza, abanye obhampa abanezimbobo eziqondisayo abanciphisi nje kuphela ukumelana komoya kodwa futhi nokugeleza komoya okuqondile kuya ezigubhu zamabhuleki noma ama-brake disc, okusiza ekupholiseni kwesistimu yokubhuleka yemoto.
I-Cargo Box Side Deflectors
Ama-deflectors ezinhlangothini zebhokisi lempahla avala ingxenye yamasondo futhi anciphise ibanga phakathi kwendawo yempahla kanye nomhlabathi. Lo mklamo wehlisa ukugeleza komoya okungena usuka ezinhlangothini ezingaphansi kwemoto. Ngenxa yokuthi avala ingxenye yamasondo, lawa ayaphambukaama-ctor abuye anciphise ukuxokozela okubangelwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamasondo nomoya.
I-Deflector yangemuva
Idizayinelwe ukuphazamisat ama-vortices omoya ngemuva, iqondisa ukugeleza komoya, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ukudonsa kwe-aerodynamic.
Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-deflectors kanye nesembozo emalolini? Kusukela kulokhu engikuqoqile, emakethe eqhudelana kakhulu, i-fiberglass (eyaziwa nangokuthi ipulasitiki eqiniswe ngengilazi noma i-GRP) ithandwa ngenxa yesisindo sayo esingasindi, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye ne-r.ukufaneleka phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo.
I-Fiberglass iyinhlanganisela yezinto esebenzisa imicu yengilazi kanye nemikhiqizo yayo (njengendwangu ye-fiber yengilazi, umata, intambo, njll.) njengokuqinisa, nge-synthetic resin esebenza njenge-matrix material.
I-Fiberglass Deflectors/Covers
I-Europe yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass ezimotweni kusukela ngo-1955, ngokuhlolwa kwemizimba yemodeli ye-STM-II. Ngo-1970, iJapane yasebenzisa i-fiberglass ukwenza izembozo zokuhlobisa amasondo emoto, futhi ngo-1971 abakwaSuzuki benza izimbobo zenjini nezinsimbi nge-fiberglass. Ngawo-1950, i-UK yaqala ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass, ithatha indawo yamakhabethe angaphambili ayinhlanganisela yokhuni, njengalawo ase-For.d I-S21 kanye nezimoto ezinamasondo amathathu, ezaletha isitayela esisha futhi esingaqinile kangako ezimotweni zangaleso sikhathi.
Ekhaya eChina, abanye mama-nufacturers enze umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imizimba yezimoto ze-fiberglass. Isibonelo, i-FAW ithuthukise ngempumelelo amakhava enjini ye-fiberglass kanye namakhabethe anamakhala ayisicaba, naphezulu kusenesikhathi. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-fiberglass emalolini aphakathi nasindayo e-China kusabalele kakhulu, kufaka phakathi injini enekhala ende.amakhava, obhampa, izembozo zangaphambili, izembozo zophahla lwekhabethe, iziketi ezisemaceleni, neziphambukisi. Umkhiqizi wasekhaya owaziwayo wama-deflectors, i-Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., uyisibonelo salokhu. Ngisho namanye amagumbi okulala amakhulu kanokusho emalolini ahlonishwayo aseMelika anekhala elide enziwe nge-fiberglass.
Ilula, amandla aphezulu, ukugqwala-iyamelana, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni
Ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, umjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza, kanye nokuguquguquka okuqinile komklamo, izinto ze-fiberglass zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezicini eziningi zokukhiqiza amaloli. Isibonelo, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amaloli asekhaya ayenomklamo oyisidina futhi oqinile, futhi isitayela sangaphandle somuntu siqu sasingavamile. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemigwaqo emikhulu yasekhaya, i-which kukhuthaze kakhulu ezokuthutha ezithatha ubude obude, ubunzima bokwenza ukubonakala kwekhabethe lomuntu siqu kusuka kunsimbi yonke, izindleko zokuklama isikhunta esiphezulu, kanye nezindaba ezinjengokugqwala nokuvuza ezakhiweni ezishiselwe ngamaphaneli amaningi kwenze abakhiqizi abaningi bakhetha i-fiberglass yezimbobo zophahla lwekhabethe.
Njengamanje, amaloli amaningi asebenzisa i-fiizinto ze-berglass zezembozo zangaphambili namabhampa.
I-Fiberglass ibonakala ngesisindo sayo esincane namandla aphezulu, nokuminyana okuphakathi kuka-1.5 no-2.0. Lokhu kucishe kube ingxenye yesine ukuya kwesihlanu kuphela kokuminyana kwensimbi ye-carbon futhi kuphansi nakakhulu kunaleyo ye-aluminium. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engu-08F, ingilazi ewugqinsi engu-2.5mm ine-amandla alingana nensimbi engu-1mm obukhulu. Ukwengeza, i-fiberglass ingaklanywa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngezidingo, inikeze ubuqotho obuphelele obungcono kanye nokwenziwa okuhle kakhulu. Ivumela ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwezinqubo zokubumba ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni, inhloso, kanye nenani lomkhiqizo. Inqubo yokubumba ilula, ngokuvamile idinga isinyathelo esisodwa kuphela, futhi impahla inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo zomoya, amanzi, kanye nokugxila okuvamile kwama-asidi, izisekelo, nosawoti. Ngakho-ke, amaloli amaningi okwamanje asebenzisa izinto ze-fiberglass kumabhampa angaphambili, amakhava angaphambili, iziketi eziseceleni, neziphambukisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2024
